Ramesses II of New Empire of Egypt Muwatalli II of Hittite Empire
•20,000 men half engaged: •50,000 men half engaged:
•16,000 infantry; Against •40,000 infantry;
•2,000 chariots with 4,000 men. •3,700 chariots with 11,100 men.
After expelling the Hyksos 15th dynasty (shepherd kings) between ≈1620 to 1530? BC, the native Egyptian New Kingdom rulers (1550-1069 BC) became more aggressive in reclaiming control of their state's borders. Thutmose I (1506-1493 BC), Thutmose III (1479-1425 BC) and his son and coregent Amenhotep II (1427-1401/1397 BC) fought battles from Megiddo, north to the Orontes River, including the conflict with Kadesh.
Many of the Egyptian campaign accounts between 1400 and 1300 BC reflect the general destabilization of the region of the Djahi. The reigns of Thutmose IV(1401/1397-1391/1388 BC) and Amenhotep III (1391/1388-1353/1351 BC) were undistinguished, except that Egypt continued to lose territory to Mitanni Kingdom in northern Syria.
During the late 18th dynasty (1550 to 1292 BC), the Egyptians showed flagging interest here until almost the end of the dynasty. Horemheb (1319/1306-1292 BC), the last ruler of this dynasty, campaigned in this region, finally beginning to turn Egyptian interest back to this region.
This process continued in the 19th Dynasty (1292-1187 BC). Like his father Ramesses I (1292-1290 BC ), Seti I (1290-1279 BC) was a military commander and set out to restore Egypt's empire to the days of the Tuthmosis kings (1506-1391/1388 BC) almost a century before. He took 20,000 men and reoccupied abandoned Egyptian posts and garrisoned cities. He made an informal peace with the Hittites, took control of coastal areas along the East Mediterranean Sea, and continued to campaign in Canaan. A second campaign led him to capture Kadesh (where a stela commemorated his victory) and Amuru. His son and heir Ramesses II (1279-1213 BC) campaigned with him. Historical records exist which record a large weapons order by Ramesses II the year prior to the expedition he led to Kadesh in his fifth regnal year.
However, at some point, both regions may have lapsed back into Hittite control. What exactly happened to Amurru is disputed, but also suggests that although it may have fallen once again under Hittite control, it is more likely Amurru remained a Hittite vassal state.
The immediate antecedents to the Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC) were the early campaigns of Ramesses II into Canaan. In the fourth year of his reign, he marched north into Syria, either to recapture Amurru or, as a probing effort, to confirm his vassals' loyalty and explore the terrain of possible battles. The recovery of Amurru was Muwatalli's stated motivation for marching south to confront the Egyptians. Ramesses marched north in the fifth year of his reign and encountered the Hittites at Kadesh.
Many of the Egyptian campaign accounts between 1400 and 1300 BC reflect the general destabilization of the region of the Djahi. The reigns of Thutmose IV(1401/1397-1391/1388 BC) and Amenhotep III (1391/1388-1353/1351 BC) were undistinguished, except that Egypt continued to lose territory to Mitanni Kingdom in northern Syria.
During the late 18th dynasty (1550 to 1292 BC), the Egyptians showed flagging interest here until almost the end of the dynasty. Horemheb (1319/1306-1292 BC), the last ruler of this dynasty, campaigned in this region, finally beginning to turn Egyptian interest back to this region.
This process continued in the 19th Dynasty (1292-1187 BC). Like his father Ramesses I (1292-1290 BC ), Seti I (1290-1279 BC) was a military commander and set out to restore Egypt's empire to the days of the Tuthmosis kings (1506-1391/1388 BC) almost a century before. He took 20,000 men and reoccupied abandoned Egyptian posts and garrisoned cities. He made an informal peace with the Hittites, took control of coastal areas along the East Mediterranean Sea, and continued to campaign in Canaan. A second campaign led him to capture Kadesh (where a stela commemorated his victory) and Amuru. His son and heir Ramesses II (1279-1213 BC) campaigned with him. Historical records exist which record a large weapons order by Ramesses II the year prior to the expedition he led to Kadesh in his fifth regnal year.
However, at some point, both regions may have lapsed back into Hittite control. What exactly happened to Amurru is disputed, but also suggests that although it may have fallen once again under Hittite control, it is more likely Amurru remained a Hittite vassal state.The immediate antecedents to the Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC) were the early campaigns of Ramesses II into Canaan. In the fourth year of his reign, he marched north into Syria, either to recapture Amurru or, as a probing effort, to confirm his vassals' loyalty and explore the terrain of possible battles. The recovery of Amurru was Muwatalli's stated motivation for marching south to confront the Egyptians. Ramesses marched north in the fifth year of his reign and encountered the Hittites at Kadesh.
Now you are about to see the view that the generals wish to have, and see the blood-warfare in the figth between the tradicion Hittite Chariots against the improved Egyptian Chariot, the fight will decide the future of cultures of East Mediterranean and the world will not be the same before!
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